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Human Anatomy and Physiology: Embedded Inquiry
Science Curriculum Standards Human Anatomy and Physiology
Internet Resources
Trace the historical development of a scientific principle or theory.
Inq.1
About Darwin - dedicated to the life and times of Charles Darwin Development of Kepler's Laws - this Wikipedia article traces Kepler's work Evidence for the Big Bang - extremely long [55 pages if printed ] well detailed background Galileo Project - hypertextual information about Galileo and the science of his time to viewers of all ages and levels of expertiseGregor Mendel: Planting the Seeds of Genetics - an exhibit from Chicago's Field Museum Historical Development of Chemistry - three case studies of significant chemical progress History of Science - Wikipedia article History of Science and Technology - a Wikipedia article including links History of Science Sourcebook - a subset of texts derived from three major online sourcebooksIsaac Newton - Wikipedia article tracing the development of Newton's laws James Watson & Francis Crick - from the Time 100 Johannes Kepler - His Life, His Laws and Times Mendel's Experiment - an animation describes Gregor Mendel's experiment as presented in his Experiments in Plant Hybridization Modeling Mendel's Pea Experiment - lesson plan from Access Excellence Person of the Century: Albert Einstein - from Time’s 100 Scientific Method - this Wikipedia article illustrates how scientific principles or theories are developed Voyage of the Beagle - index of trwenty-two chapters detailing the historic voyage of discoveryWatson and Crick describe structure of DNA - from PBS's Science Odyssey When the Earth Moved - Copernicus and his Heliocentric System of the Universe
Conduct scientific investigations that include testable questions, verifiable hypotheses, and appropriate variables to explore new phenomena or verify the experimental results of others.
Inq.2
Excite Education Curriculum Module - lesson plan about scientific method from CDC Experimenting, Testing, & Challenging the Hypothesis - the degree of challenge to your hypothesis will depend on the type of problem and its importance Falsifiability – [Wikipedia article ] the logical possibility that an assertion can be shown false by an observation or a physical experiment
General Procedures for All Experiments - general procedures for each experiment are briefly outlined - variations between experiments are noted How to Formulate a Hypothesis Using the Scientific Method - eight steps are outlined Introduction to the Scientific Method - An explanation on what the scientific method is and does. From Frank Wolfs, University of Rochester
Reasoning in Science - Learning about the scientific method is almost like saying that you are learning how to learn [from Biology4Kids ] Scientific Method - from Elmer's Soup-to-Nuts science fair site Scientific Method - includes a test of your powers of observation Scientific Method Lab - an interactive lab that teaches what the scientific method is, and how scientists and others follow this method Scientific Method Quiz - [this link opens on a new page ] Solving Problems with the Scientific Method - posted by Study Guides and Strategies Steps of the Scientific Method - from a science fair project idea site Studying Cells - how the scientific method is applied in biology Writing Hypotheses: a student lesson - the purpose of this lesson is to learn when and how to write hypotheses
Select appropriate independent, dependent, or controlled variables for an experiment.
Inq.3
Dependent and Independent Variables - Wikipedia entry Elementary Concepts in Statistics - use the index to find information on a large number of topics about variables How to Set-up a Controlled Science Experiment - eight steps from eHow.com Independent and Dependent Variables - from Cool Science Projects.com Independent and Dependent Variables - identify the independent variable, dependent variable, experimental and control groups in three studies [not interactive ] Independent and Dependent Variables - short explanation of each type of variable Variables and a Simple Pendulum Experiment - purpose; to explain the difference between mcontrolled, independent (manipulated) , and dependent (responding) variablesVariables and Hypotheses Variables in a Science Fair Experiment - from Science Buddies What are Independent and Dependent Variables - from a graphing tutorial found at NCES
Analyze the components of a properly designed scientific investigation.
Inq.4
Perform an experiment to test a prediction.
Inq.5
Select appropriate tools and technology to collect precise and accurate quantitative and qualitative data.
Inq.6
Determine if data supports or contradicts a hypothesis or conclusion.
Inq.7
Recognize, analyze, and evaluate alternative explanations for the same set of observations.
Inq.8
Evaluate the accuracy and precision of data.
Inq.9
State a conclusion in terms of the relationship between two or more variables.
Inq.10
Defend a conclusion based on scientific evidence.
Inq.11
Analyze experimental results and identify possible sources of bias or experimental error.
Inq.12
Compare the results of an experiment with what is already known about the topic under investigation.
Inq.13
Suggest alternative explanations for the same set of observations.
Inq.14
Formulate and revise scientific explanations and models using logic and evidence.
Inq.15
Compare conclusions that offer different, but acceptable explanations for the same set of experimental data.
Inq.16
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Embedded Technology & Engineering
Science Curriculum Standards Human Anatomy and Physiology
Internet Resources
Distinguish among tools and procedures best suited to conduct a specified scientific inquiry.
T/E.1
Apply the engineering design process to construct a prototype that meets developmentally appropriate specifications.
T/E.2
Evaluate a protocol to determine the degree to which an engineering design process was successfully applied.
T/E.3
Explore how the unintended consequences of new technologies can impact human and non-human communities.
T/E.4
Evaluate the overall benefit to cost ratio of a new technology.
T/E.5
Present research on current bioengineering technologies that contribute to improvements in our daily lives.
T/E.6
Design a series of multi-view drawings that can be used by others to construct an adaptive design and test its effectiveness.
T/E.7
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Standard 1 - Anatomical Orientation
Science Curriculum Standards Human Anatomy and Physiology
Internet Resources
Illustrate the interconnections between anatomy and physiology using a concept map.
1.1
Sequence the levels of structural organization from the molecular level through the organismic level.
1.2
Use prepared slides to distinguish among different types of tissues.
1.3
Classify organ systems of the body as either (1) protection, support, and movement, (2) regulation and integration (3) transport, and (4) absorption and excretion.
1.4
Identify the major organs and describe the functions of each body system.
1.5
Identify and label the body cavities including the subdivisions and organs of each.
1.6
Apply correct terminology to reference anatomical orientation.
1.7
Provide examples of bodily mechanisms that serve to maintain homeostasis.
1.8
Explain how the body regulates temperature, blood carbon dioxide levels, and blood glucose levels.
1.9
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Standard 2 - Protection, Support, Movement
Science Curriculum Standards Human Anatomy and Physiology
Internet Resources
Identify the structures of the skin and explain their role in protecting the body and maintaining homeostasis.
2.1
Explain the physiological processes involved in healing the skin and disorders of the skin.
2.2
Construct a labeled model of the skin with descriptions of its functions.
2.3
Distinguish between the different types of bones.
2.4
Describe the physiological mechanisms involved in bone development, growth, and repair.
2.5
Identify the major muscles of the body.
2.6
Compare and contrast the axial and appendicular skeletons using a graphic organizer.
2.7
Observe, draw, and label the different types of muscle tissue noting their functions and structure.
2.8
Illustrate the major steps of the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
2.9
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Standard 3 - Integration & Regulation
Science Curriculum Standards Human Anatomy and Physiology
Internet Resources
Identify the major areas of the brain and the major structures of the spinal cord.
3.1
Identify the structure and function of cranial nerves, neurons, neuroglia, and neuromuscular junctions.
3.2
Use a graphic organizer to trace the pathways and biochemical changes associated with conduction of an electrochemical impulse.
3.3
Construct a model to describe the molecular neurophysiology of membrane potentials in terms of electrolyte function and active transport.
3.4
Identify the structures and functions of the body’s sensory organs.
3.5
Differentiate among the major organs and tissues that comprise the endocrine system.
3.6
Explain how the hormones secreted by endocrine glands regulate the body.
3.7
Interpret graphs of blood sugar levels in terms of pancreatic function.
3.8
Analyze a case study of a neurological disorder to make a speculative diagnosis or prognosis.
3.9
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Standard 4 - Transport
Science Curriculum Standards Human Anatomy and Physiology
Internet Resources
Describe the different types of blood vessels.
4.1
Identify the major arteries and veins.
4.2
Describe the cellular components and physical characteristics of blood.
4.3
Determine blood types in the ABO system.
4.4
Prepare a model that illustrates the layers, chambers, and valves of the heart.
4.5
Describe the biochemical and physiological events associated with heart contraction, blood pressure, and blood clotting.
4.6
Measure blood pressure and the pulse rates.
4.7
Draw a diagram that traces the pathway of blood through the heart and lungs.
4.8
Compare the molecular affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen and carbon monoxide in terms of maintaining homeostasis.
4.9
Describe the immune response mechanisms at the cellular level.
4.10
Relate nonspecific cellular and chemical defenses of the body to environmental factors.
4.11
Identify the causes of imbalances in the immune system.
4.12
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Standard 5 - Absorption & Excretion
Science Curriculum Standards Human Anatomy and Physiology
Internet Resources
Compare the structure and function of organs in the digestive system.
5.1
Contrast mechanical and chemical digestion.
5.2
Trace a selected food through the alimentary canal.
5.3
Identify the enzymes and biochemical reactions that facilitate digestion.
5.4
Explain how the products of digestion are absorbed.
5.5
Compare and contrast the male and female urinary systems.
5.6
Explain how the kidneys act to maintain homeostasis.
5.7
Identify the parts of a nephron and describe how they assist in urine formation.
5.8
Describe the composition of urine.
5.9
Describe a countercurrent mechanism and explain how it concentrates urine.
5.10
Discuss the importance of water and electrolyte balance.
5.11
Describe how body temperature is regulated.
5.12
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Standard 6 - Reproduction, Growth, and Development
Science Curriculum Standards Human Anatomy and Physiology
Internet Resources
Relate the structures of the male and female reproductive systems to their functions.
6.1
Describe the role of hormones in controlling the secondary sex characteristics.
6.2
Compare and contrast the processes and products of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
6.3
Trace the pathway that sperm travel from the testes to the exterior of the body.
6.4
Summarize the events of the menstrual cycle.
6.5
Describe the hormonal control mechanisms that regulate the menstrual cycle.
6.6
Sequence the stages of human development from fertilization to birth.
6.7
Describe the functions of the placenta.
6.8
\ Research and describe methods of controlling human fertility, and describe their relative effectiveness.
6.9
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